国家安监总局办公厅、卫生部办公厅、人力资源社会保障部办公厅、全国总工会办公厅关于进一步做好夏季防暑降温工作的通知
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国家安监总局办公厅、卫生部办公厅、人力资源社会保障部办公厅、全国总工会办公厅关于进一步做好夏季防暑降温工作的通知
国家安监总局办公厅 卫生部办公厅 人力资源社会保障部办公厅 全国总工会办公厅关于进一步做好夏季防暑降温工作的通知
安监总厅安健〔2011〕141号
各省、自治区、直辖市及新疆生产建设兵团安全生产监督管理局、卫生厅(局)、人力资源社会保障(劳动保障)厅(局)、总工会:
近年来,由于夏季高温天气导致的中暑事件时有发生,给劳动者身体健康与生命安全带来严重损害和威胁。为认真贯彻落实《安全生产法》、《职业病防治法》、《劳动法》、《工会法》等法律法规,进一步做好高温天气防暑降温工作,有效预防和控制高温中暑及高温作业引发的各类事故,切实维护劳动者安全健康权益,现就有关事项通知如下:
一、提高认识,高度重视防暑降温工作。防暑降温工作是一项季节性很强的劳动保护工作,直接关系到劳动者身体健康和企业生产安全。各地区、各有关部门要从深入贯彻落实科学发展观和构建社会主义和谐社会的高度,以对人民群众的深厚感情,把防暑降温工作作为当前保障和改善民生、加强和创新社会管理的一件大事来抓。要针对高温天气带来的不利影响,对本地区防暑降温工作作出周密细致的安排部署,依据相关法律法规和本地区工作实际,针对不同工作种类制定出硬措施,狠抓责任落实,督促用人单位切实做好防暑降温工作,严防高温酷暑引发各类事故。要大力宣传做好防暑降温工作的重要意义以及防范高温中暑的基本知识和方法,增强广大从业人员和社会公众的自我保护意识。
二、督促指导用人单位结合实际,做好防暑降温工作。要强化用人单位防暑降温第一责任人意识,督促用人单位切实做好各项防暑降温工作。凡工作场所存在高温作业和夏季露天作业的用人单位,要认真落实有关法律法规和《高温作业分级标准》(GB/T4200-2008)、《工业企业设计卫生标准》(GBZ1-2010)等规定,制定和落实夏季工作场所防暑降温的各项措施,配备必要的通风或降温设备,提供必要的个体防护用品和防暑降温所需的清凉饮料及保健用品,改善劳动条件和作业环境,保障劳动者的身心健康;要根据本单位生产特点,合理安排职工在高温天气的工作时间,适当调整夏季高温作业劳动和休息制度,尽量避开高温时段作业,增加休息和减轻劳动强度,严禁延长高温作业时间和加班加点,最大限度地减少职工因高温中暑造成的职业危害。用人单位不得以因高温停止工作、缩短工作时间为由扣除或降低劳动者工资和奖金。要加强女职工和未成年工保护,不得安排怀孕的女职工在35℃以上的高温天气露天作业及温度在33℃以上的工作场所作业;不得安排未成年工在35℃以上的高温天气露天作业及从事《高温作业分级标准》中第三级以上的高温工作场所作业。用人单位安排劳动者在高温天气下(日最高温度达到35℃以上)露天工作,以及不能采取有效措施将工作场所温度降低到33℃以下的,在完善防暑措施的同时,应向劳动者支付高温津贴。
三、认真履行职责,加强对用人单位防暑降温工作的监督检查。做好夏季防暑降温工作是一项综合性工作,各级安全监管、卫生、人力资源社会保障以及工会组织等要按照职责分工,认真做好相关工作,并加强协调配合,相互支持,形成工作合力。各级安全监管部门要针对夏季高温安全生产工作的特点,突出重点行业(领域)和重点单位,加大对其高温作业场所的监督检查力度,督促用人单位认真落实作业场所各项防暑降温措施。同时,要认真履行综合监管职责,督促指导各有关行业主管部门做好本行业(领域)内的防暑降温工作,特别要督促相关部门加强对建筑工地、露天作业场所和高温作业岗位的夏季防暑降温措施落实情况的监督检查。各级卫生部门要加强防暑降温相关卫生知识的宣传教育,组织各级各类医疗单位积极做好发生中暑劳动者的医疗救治,对诊治的中暑病例要按照有关规定及时报告,取得职业病诊断资质的医疗卫生机构和职业病诊断鉴定委员会要积极为劳动者进行职业性中暑的诊断、鉴定。各级人力资源社会保障部门要加强对有高温作业场所的用人单位遵守劳动保障法律法规情况的监督检查,重点检查职工工作时间、休息时间、工资支付、女职工和未成年工的特殊劳动保护、夏季防暑降温费、高温津贴支付以及中暑职工工伤保险待遇落实等情况。各级工会组织要发挥群众性劳动保护监督检查网络的作用,加强对防暑降温工作的监督检查和暑期“送清凉”、“送健康”活动。对违反国家有关规定、危害职工身体健康的行为,各地区、各有关部门要依法进行查处,责令用人单位认真整改,并加强对整改情况的跟踪检查,确保整改措施落实到位。
国家安监总局办公厅 卫生部办公厅
人力资源社会保障部办公厅 全国总工会办公厅
二○一一年六月二十七日
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民政部、国家计委、财政部关于切实解决城市社会福利事业单位危险房屋修建问题的通知
民政部、国家计委、财政部关于切实解决城市社会福利事业单位危险房屋修建问题的通知
民政部、国家计委、财政部
各省、市、自治区民政厅(局)、计委、财政厅(局):
民政部门举办的城市社会福利事业单位和优抚事业单位(包括社会福利院、 儿童福利院、精神病院、收容遣送站、安置农场、火葬场、革命残废军人休养院、复员军人慢性病疗养院、光荣院等)的房屋,大部份是解放初期接收“慈善”、 宗教团体的旧房、庙宇和祠堂,有少部份虽是解
放后修建的,也是因陋就简,质量很差。这些房屋因年久失修,破烂不堪,危房逐年增多,许多面临倒塌危险。有的地方己经发生塌房压死人的事故。这是一个严重问题,必须引起各地高度重视。为了切实解决城市社会福利事业单位和优抚事业单位危房修建问题,保障无家可归、无依无靠
、无生活来源的孤老残幼、精神病人、长期流浪乞讨人员、革命残废军人、孤老烈属等收养、安置对象和职工的生命安全,以体现社会主义制度的优越性,特作如下通知,望各地认真研究执行。
一、各地民政部门对所属城市社会福利事业单位和优抚事业单位的房屋,要组织力量在近期内进行一次检查。对确实危险的房屋,要及时采取措施,抓紧修缮。
二、根据国家计委、国家建委、财政部一九七八年四月二十二日计计(78)234 号文件关于基本建设投资和各项费用划分的规定,城市社会福利事业单位和优抚事业单位的原有房屋维修,不属于基本建设,也不属于零星土建工程,其费用由民政事业费开支。超过二万元的房屋维修费,也
应由民政事业费开支。各地财政部门在核定民政事业费时,要考虑城市社会福利事业单位和优抚事业单位维修房屋所需的经费,并列入民政事业费预算;对当前急需维修的经费(包括因灾倒塌房屋的维修经费),酌情给予增拨。
城市社会福利事业单位和优抚事业单位的房屋维修,必须坚持勤俭节约的原则。各各地民政部门要统筹安排,根据地方财力,做好修缮的经费预算,分别轻重缓急,分期分批地进行。不要搞无经费预算或超经费预算的修缮。
三、对于城市社会福利事业单位和优抚事业单位必须新建的基本建设项目,各地计委要根据国家计委、民政部一九八○年六月二十二日民发(1980)44号文件的规定,列入地方基建计划,在施工排队中尽可能予以优先照顾。
四、城市社会福利事业单位和优抚事业单位维修房屋所需的木材、水泥、钢材等建筑材料发生困难时,各地计委、物资部门要给予照顾,尽量帮助解决。
1981年10月10日
CONTROL OF EXEMPTION CLAUSES ORDINANCE ——附加英文版
CONTROL OF EXEMPTION CLAUSES ORDINANCE
(CHAPTER 71)
CONTENTS
ion
I PRELIMINARY
hort title
nterpretation and application
he "reasonableness" test
Dealing as consumer"
arieties of exemption clause
ower to amend Schedules 1 and 2
II CONTROL OF EXEMPTION CLAUSES
dance of liability for negligence, breach of contract, etc.
egligence liability
iability arising in contract
nreasonable indemnity clauses Liability arising from sale or
supply of
s
"Guarantee" of consumer goods
Seller's liability
Miscellaneous contracts under which goods pass Other provisions
about
racts
Effect of breach on "reasonableness" test
Evasion by means of secondary contract
Arbitration agreements
III CIRCUMSTANCES WHERE CONTROL DOES NOT APPLY
International supply contracts
Choice of law clauses
Saving for other relevant legislation
Application
IV CONSEQUENTIAL AND OTHER AMENDMENTS
(Omitted)
dule 1. Scope of sections 7, 8, 9 and 12
dule 2. "Guidelines" for application of reasonableness test
dule 3. (Omitted)
Whole document
imit the extent to which civil liability for breach of contract,
or
negligence or other breach of duty, can be avoided by
means of
ract terms and otherwise; and to restrict the
enforceability of
tration agreements. [1 December 1990] L. N. 38 of 1990
PART I PRELIMINARY
hort title
Ordinance may be cited as the Control of Exemption Clauses
Ordinance.
nterpretation and application
In this Ordinance--
iness" includes a profession and the activities of a public
body, a
ic authority, or a board, commission, committee or
other body
inted by the Governor or Government;
ds" has the same meaning as in the Sale of Goods Ordinance (Cap.
26);
ligence" means the breach--
of any obligation, arising from the express or implied terms
of a
ract, to take reasonable care or exercise reasonable skill
in the
ormance of the contract;
of any common law duty to take reasonable care or exercise
reasonable
l (but not any stricter duty);
of the common duty of care imposed by the Occupiers
Liability
nance (Cap. 314); "notice" includes an announcement, whether or
not in
hing, and any other communication or pretended communication;
sonal injury" includes any disease and any impairment of
physical or
al condition.
In the case of both contract and tort, sections 7 to 12 apply
(except
e the contrary is stated in section 11 (4)) only to
business
ility, that is liability for breach of obligations or duties
arising--
from things done or omitted to be done by a person in the course
of a
ness (whether his own business or another's); or
from the occupation of premises used for business purposes
of the
pier, and references to liability are to be read
accordingly; but
ility of an occupier of premises for breach of an obligation or
duty
rds a person obtaining access to the premises for
recreational or
ational purposes, being liability for loss or damage
suffered by
on of the dangerous state of the premises, is not a business
liability
he occupier unless granting that person such access for the
purposes
erned falls within the business purposes of the occupier.
In relation to any breach of duty or obligation, it is
immaterial
her the breach was inadvertent or intentional, or whether
liability
it arises directly or vicariously.
1977 c. 50 ss. 1&14 U. K.]
he "reasonableness" test
In relation to a contract term, the requirement of reasonableness
for
purposes of this Ordinance and section 4 of the
Misrepresentation
nance (Cap. 284) is satisfied only if the court or
arbitrator
rmines that the term was a fair and reasonable one to be
included
ng regard to the circumstances which were, or ought reasonably
to have
, known to or in the contemplation of the parties when the
contract
made.
In determining for the purposes of section 11 or 12 whether a
contract
satisfies the requirement of reasonableness, the court or
arbitrator
l have regard in particular to the matters specified in
Schedule 2;
this subsection does not prevent the court or arbitrator from
holding,
ccordance with any rule of law, that a term which purports to
exclude
estrict any relevant liability is not a term of the contract.
In relation to a notice (not being a notice having
contractual
ct), the requirement of reasonableness under this
Ordinance is
sfied only if the court or arbitrator determines that it would
be fair
reasonable to allow reliance on it, having regard to
all the
umstances obtaining when the liability arose or (but for the
notice)
d have arisen.
In determining (under this Ordinance or the
Misrepresentation
nance (Cap. 284)) whether a contract term or notice
satisfies the
irement of reasonableness, the court or arbitrator shall have
regard
articular (but without prejudice to subsection (2) to whether
(and, if
to what extent) the language in which the term or notice is
expressed
language understood by the person as against whom another
person
s to rely upon the term or notice.
Where by reference to a contract term or notice a person
seeks to
rict liability to a specified sum of money, and the question
arises
er this Ordinance or the Misrepresentation Ordinance (Cap.
284))
her the term or notice satisfies the requirement of
reasonableness,
court or arbitrator shall have regard in particular (but
without
udice to subsection (2) or (4)) to--
the resources which he could expect to be available to him for
the
ose of meeting the liability should it arise; and
how far it was open to him to cover himself by insurance.
It is for the person claiming that a contract term or notice
satisfies
requirement of reasonableness to prove that it does.
1977 c. 50 s. 11 U. K.]
Dealing as consumer"
A party to a contract "deals as consumer" in relation to another
party
he neither makes the contract in the course of a business nor
holds
elf out as doing so;
the other party does make the contract in the course of a
business;
in the case of a contract governed by the law of sale of goods
or by
ion 12, the goods passing under or in pursuance of the contract
are of
pe ordinarily supplied for private use or consumption.
Notwithstanding subsection (1), on a sale by auction or by
competitive
er the buyer is not in any circumstances to be regarded as dealing
as
umer.
It is for the person claiming that a party does not deal as
consumer
rove that he does not.
1977 c. 50 s. 12 U. K.]
arieties of exemption clause
To the extent that this Ordinance prevents the
exclusion or
riction of any liability it also prevents--
making the liability or its enforcement subject to
restrictive or
ous conditions;
excluding or restricting any right or remedy in respect
of the
ility, or subjecting a person to any prejudice in consequence of
his
uing any such right or remedy;
excluding or restricting rules of evidence or procedure, and (to
that
nt) sections 7, 10, 11 and 12 also prevent excluding or
restricting
ility by reference to terms and notices which exclude or
restrict
relevant obligation or duty.
An agreement in writing to submit present or future
differences to
tration is not to be treated under this Ordinance as
excluding or
ricting any liability. [cf. 1977 c. 50 s. 13 U. K.]
ower to amend Schedules 1 and 2
Legislative Council may by resolution amend Schedules 1 and 2.
PART II CONTROL OF EXEMPTION CLAUSES
dance of liability for negligence, breach of contract, etc.
egligence liability
A person cannot by reference to any contract term or to a notice
given
ersons generally or to particular persons exclude or
restrict his
ility for death or personal injury resulting from negligence.
In the case of other loss or damage, a person cannot so
exclude or
rict his liability for negligence except in so far as the
term or
ce satisfies the requirement of reasonableness.
Where a contract term or notice purports to exclude or
restrict
ility for negligence a person's agreement to or awareness of it
is not
tself to be taken as indicating his voluntary acceptance of any
risk.
1977 c. 50 s. 2 U. K.]
iability arising in contract
This section applies as between contracting parties where one of
them
s as consumer or on the other's written standard terms of
business.
As against that party, the other cannot by reference to any
contract
--
When himself in breach of contract, exclude or restrict any
liability
is in respect of the breach; or
claim to be entitled--
to render a contractual performance substantially different from
that
h was reasonably expected of him; or
in respect of the whole or any part of his contractual obligation,
to
er no performance at all,
pt in so far as (in any of the cases mentioned above
in this
ection) the contract term satisfies the requirement of
reasonableness.
1977 c. 50 s. 3 U. K.]
nreasonable indemnity clauses
A person dealing as consumer cannot by reference to any contract
term
ade to indemnify another person (whether a party to the
contract or
in respect of liability that may be incurred by the
other for
igence or breach of contract, except in so far as the contract
term
sfies the requirement of reasonableness.
This section applies whether the liability in question--
is directly that of the person to be indemnified or is incurred
by him
riously;
is to the person dealing as consumer or to someone else. [cf. 1977
c.
. 4 U. K.]
ility arising from sale or supply of goods
"Guarantee" of consumer goods
In the case of goods of a type ordinarily supplied for private
use or
umption, where loss or damage--
arises from the goods proving defective while in consumer use;
and
results from the negligence of a person concerned in the
manufacture
istribution of the goods, liability for the loss or damage
cannot be
uded or restricted by reference to any contract term or
notice
ained in or operating by reference to a guarantee of the goods.
For these purposes--
goods are to be regarded as "in consumer use" when a person is
using
, or has them in his possession for use, otherwise than
exclusively
the purposes of a business; and
anything in writing is a guarantee if it contains or
purports to
ain some promise or assurance (however worded or
presented) that
cts will be made good by complete or partial replacement,
or by
ir, monetary compensation or otherwise.
This section does not apply as between the parties to a contract
under
n pursuance of which possession or ownership of the goods passed.
1977 c. 50 s. 5 U. K.]
Seller's liability
Liability for breach of the obligations arising from section 14
of the
of Goods Ordinance (Cap. 26) (seller's implied undertakings
as to
e, etc.) cannot be excluded or restricted by reference to any
contract
.
As against a person dealing as consumer, liability for breach of
the
gations arising from section 15, 16 or 17 of the Sale of
Goods
nance (Cap. 26) (seller's implied undertakings as to
conformity of
s with description or sample, or as to their quality or fitness
for a
icular purpose) cannot be excluded or restricted by reference to
any
ract term.
As against a person dealing otherwise than as consumer, the
liability
ified in subsection (2) can be excluded or restricted by reference
to
ntract term, but only in so far as the term satisfies the
requirement
easonableness.
The liabilities referred to in this section are not only the
business
ilities defined by section 2 (2), but include those arising under
any
ract of sale of goods. [cf. 1977 c. 50 s. 6 U. K.]
Miscellaneous contracts under which goods pass
Where the possession or ownership of goods passes
under or in
uance of a contract not governed by the law of sale of
goods,
ection (2) to (4) apply in relation to the effect (if any) that
the
t or arbitrator is to give to contract terms excluding or
restricting
ility for breach of obligation arising by implication of law from
the
re of the contract.
As against a person dealing as consumer, liability in respect of
the
's correspondence with description or sample, or their
quality or
ess for any particular purpose, cannot be excluded or
restricted by
rence to any such term.
As against a person dealing otherwise than as consumer, that
liability
be excluded or restricted by reference to such a term, but only
in so
as the term satisfies the requirement of reasonableness.
Liability in respect of--
the right to transfer ownership of the goods, or give possession;
or
the assurance of quiet possession to a person taking
goods in
uance of the contract, cannot be excluded or restricted by
reference
ny such term except in so far as the term satisfies the requirement
of
onableness. [cf. 1977 c. 50 s. 7 U. K.]
r provisions about contracts
Effect of breach on "reasonableness" test
Where for reliance upon it a contract term has to
satisfy the
irement of reasonableness, it may be found to do so and be
given
ct accordingly notwithstanding that the contract has been
terminated
er by breach or by a party electing to treat it as repudiated.
Where on a breach the contract is nevertheless affirmed by a
party
tled to treat as repudiated, this does not of itself
exclude the
irement of reasonableness in relation to any contract term.
1977 c. 50 s. 9 U. K.]
Evasion by means of secondary contract
rson is not bound by any contract term prejudicing or taking
away
ts of his which arise under, or in connection with the performance
of,
her contract, so far as those rights extend to the
enforcement of
her's liability which this Ordinance prevents that
other from
uding or restricting.
1977 c. 50 s. 10 U. K.]
Arbitration agreements
As against a person dealing as consumer, an agreement to submit
future
erences to arbitration cannot be enforced except--
with his written consent signified after the differences in
question
arisen; or
where he has himself had recourse to arbitration in pursuance of
the
ement in respect of any differences.
Subsection (1) does not affect--
the enforcement of an international arbitration agreement
within the
ing of section 2 (1) of the Arbitration Ordinance (Cap. 341);
laced 76 of 1990 s. 2)
the resolution of differences arising under any contract so far
as it
by virtue of Schedule 1, excluded from the operation of section
7, 8,
12.
PART III CIRCUMSTANCES WHERE CONTROL DOES NOT APPLY
International supply contracts
The limits imposed by this Ordinance on the extent to which a
person
exclude or restrict liability by reference to a contract term do
not
y to liability arising under an international supply contract.
The terms of an international supply contract are not subject to
any
irement of reasonableness under section 8 or 9.
For the purposes of this section, an international supply
contract
s a contract--
that is either a contract of sale of goods or a contract under
or in
uance of which the possession or ownership of goods passes;
that is made by parties whose places of business (or, if they
have
, habitual residences) are in the territories of different
States or
in and outside Hong Kong; and
in the case of which--
the goods in question are, at the time of the conclusion
of the
ract, in the course of carriage, or will be carried,
from the
itory of one State to the territory of another, or to or from
Hong
from or to a place outside Hong Kong; or
the acts constituting the offer and acceptance have been done in
the
itories of different States or in and outside Hong Kong; or
) the contract provides for the goods to be delivered to the
territory
State other than that within whose territory the acts
constituting
offer and acceptance were done; or
the acts constituting the offer and acceptance were done in Hong
Kong
the contract provides for the goods to be delivered outside Hong
Kong;
the acts constituting the offer and acceptance were done outside
Hong
and the contract provides for the goods to be delivered to Hong
Kong.
1977 c. 50 s. 26 U. K.]
Choice of law clauses
Where the proper law of a contract is the law of Hong Kong only
by
ce of the parties (and apart from that choice would be the law
of some
r country) sections 7 to 12 do not operate as part of the proper
law.
This Ordinance has effect notwithstanding any contract
term which
ies or purports to apply the law of some other country, where
(either
oth)--
the term appears to the court or arbitrator to have been
imposed
ly or mainly for the purpose of enabling the party imposing
it to
e the operation of this Ordinance; or
in the making of the contract one of the parties dealt as
consumer,
he was then habitually resident in Hong Kong, and the essential
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